MSX Assembly Page

Z80 / R800 instruction set

This is an overview of the Z80 instruction set, including undocumented instructions and the R800 MULUB and MULUW instructions. Refer to the Z80 user manual for a detailed explanation of the instruction set. For more information on undocument instructions, refer to Sean Young’s extensive The Undocumented Z80 Documented (site).

For Z80 timing calculations on MSX, refer to the Z80+M1 column which includes the M1 waits. For more information, see the wait cycles section.

Instruction set

Filter:

Instruction Timing
Z80		 Timing
Z80+M1		 Timing
R800		 Timing
R800 +
wait¹		 Opcode Size
ADC A,(HL) 7 8 2 4 8E 1
ADC A,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 8E o 3
ADC A,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 8E o 3
ADC A,n 7 8 2 2 CE n 2
ADC A,r 4 5 1 1 88+r 1
ADC A,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 88+p 2
ADC A,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 88+q 2
ADC HL,BC 15 17 2 2 ED 4A 2
ADC HL,DE 15 17 2 2 ED 5A 2
ADC HL,HL 15 17 2 2 ED 6A 2
ADC HL,SP 15 17 2 2 ED 7A 2
ADD A,(HL) 7 8 2 4 86 1
ADD A,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 86 o 3
ADD A,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 86 o 3
ADD A,n 7 8 2 2 C6 n 2
ADD A,r 4 5 1 1 80+r 1
ADD A,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 80+p 2
ADD A,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 80+q 2
ADD HL,BC 11 12 1 1 09 1
ADD HL,DE 11 12 1 1 19 1
ADD HL,HL 11 12 1 1 29 1
ADD HL,SP 11 12 1 1 39 1
ADD IX,BC 15 17 2 2 DD 09 2
ADD IX,DE 15 17 2 2 DD 19 2
ADD IX,IX 15 17 2 2 DD 29 2
ADD IX,SP 15 17 2 2 DD 39 2
ADD IY,BC 15 17 2 2 FD 09 2
ADD IY,DE 15 17 2 2 FD 19 2
ADD IY,IY 15 17 2 2 FD 29 2
ADD IY,SP 15 17 2 2 FD 39 2
AND (HL) 7 8 2 4 A6 1
AND (IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD A6 o 3
AND (IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD A6 o 3
AND n 7 8 2 2 E6 n 2
AND r 4 5 1 1 A0+r 1
AND IXp 8 10 2 2 DD A0+p 2
AND IYq 8 10 2 2 FD A0+q 2
BIT b,(HL) 12 14 3 5 CB 46+8*b 2
BIT b,(IX+o) 20 22 5 7 DD CB o 46+8*b 4
BIT b,(IY+o) 20 22 5 7 FD CB o 46+8*b 4
BIT b,r 8 10 2 2 CB 40+8*b+r 2
CALL nn 17 18 5 8/7² CD nn nn 3
CALL C,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² DC nn nn 3
CALL M,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² FC nn nn 3
CALL NC,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² D4 nn nn 3
CALL NZ,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² C4 nn nn 3
CALL P,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² F4 nn nn 3
CALL PE,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² EC nn nn 3
CALL PO,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² E4 nn nn 3
CALL Z,nn 17/10 18/11 5/3 8/7/3² CC nn nn 3
CCF 4 5 1 1 3F 1
CP (HL) 7 8 2 4 BE 1
CP (IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD BE o 3
CP (IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD BE o 3
CP n 7 8 2 2 FE n 2
CP r 4 5 1 1 B8+r 1
CP IXp 8 10 2 2 DD B8+p 2
CP IYq 8 10 2 2 FD B8+q 2
CPD 16 18 4 6 ED A9 2
CPDR 21/16 23/18 5 ?/8 ED B9 2
CPI 16 18 4 6 ED A1 2
CPIR 21/16 23/18 5 ?/8 ED B1 2
CPL 4 5 1 1 2F 1
DAA 4 5 1 1 27 1
DEC (HL) 11 12 4 7 35 1
DEC (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD 35 o 3
DEC (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD 35 o 3
DEC A 4 5 1 1 3D 1
DEC B 4 5 1 1 05 1
DEC BC 6 7 1 1 0B 1
DEC C 4 5 1 1 0D 1
DEC D 4 5 1 1 15 1
DEC DE 6 7 1 1 1B 1
DEC E 4 5 1 1 1D 1
DEC H 4 5 1 1 25 1
DEC HL 6 7 1 1 2B 1
DEC IX 10 12 2 2 DD 2B 2
DEC IY 10 12 2 2 FD 2B 2
DEC IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 05+8*p 2
DEC IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 05+8*q 2
DEC L 4 5 1 1 2D 1
DEC SP 6 7 1 1 3B 1
DI 4 5 2 2 F3 1
DJNZ o 13/8 14/9 3/2 3/2 10 o 2
EI 4 5 1 1 FB 1
EX (SP),HL 19 20 5 7 E3 1
EX (SP),IX 23 25 6 8 DD E3 2
EX (SP),IY 23 25 6 8 FD E3 2
EX AF,AF' 4 5 1 1 08 1
EX DE,HL 4 5 1 1 EB 1
EXX 4 5 1 1 D9 1
HALT 4 5 2 2 76 1
IM 0 8 10 3 3 ED 46 2
IM 1 8 10 3 3 ED 56 2
IM 2 8 10 3 3 ED 5E 2
IN A,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 78 2
IN A,(n) 11 12 3 10/9³ DB n 2
IN B,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 40 2
IN C,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 48 2
IN D,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 50 2
IN E,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 58 2
IN H,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 60 2
IN L,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 68 2
IN F,(C) 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 70 2
INC (HL) 11 12 4 7 34 1
INC (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD 34 o 3
INC (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD 34 o 3
INC A 4 5 1 1 3C 1
INC B 4 5 1 1 04 1
INC BC 6 7 1 1 03 1
INC C 4 5 1 1 0C 1
INC D 4 5 1 1 14 1
INC DE 6 7 1 1 13 1
INC E 4 5 1 1 1C 1
INC H 4 5 1 1 24 1
INC HL 6 7 1 1 23 1
INC IX 10 12 2 2 DD 23 2
INC IY 10 12 2 2 FD 23 2
INC IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 04+8*p 2
INC IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 04+8*q 2
INC L 4 5 1 1 2C 1
INC SP 6 7 1 1 33 1
IND 16 18 4 12/11³ ED AA 2
INDR 21/16 23/18 4/3 ?/12/11³ ED BA 2
INI 16 18 4 12/11³ ED A2 2
INIR 21/16 23/18 4/3 ?/12/11³ ED B2 2
JP nn 10 11 3 5 C3 nn nn 3
JP (HL) 4 5 1 3 E9 1
JP (IX) 8 10 2 4 DD E9 2
JP (IY) 8 10 2 4 FD E9 2
JP C,nn 10 11 3 5/3 DA nn nn 3
JP M,nn 10 11 3 5/3 FA nn nn 3
JP NC,nn 10 11 3 5/3 D2 nn nn 3
JP NZ,nn 10 11 3 5/3 C2 nn nn 3
JP P,nn 10 11 3 5/3 F2 nn nn 3
JP PE,nn 10 11 3 5/3 EA nn nn 3
JP PO,nn 10 11 3 5/3 E2 nn nn 3
JP Z,nn 10 11 3 5/3 CA nn nn 3
JR o 12 13 3 3 18 o 2
JR C,o 12/7 13/8 3/2 3/2 38 o 2
JR NC,o 12/7 13/8 3/2 3/2 30 o 2
JR NZ,o 12/7 13/8 3/2 3/2 20 o 2
JR Z,o 12/7 13/8 3/2 3/2 28 o 2
LD (BC),A 7 8 2 4 02 1
LD (DE),A 7 8 2 4 12 1
LD (HL),n 10 11 3 5 36 n 2
LD (HL),r 7 8 2 4 70+r 1
LD (IX+o),n 19 21 5 7 DD 36 o n 4
LD (IX+o),r 19 21 5 7 DD 70+r o 3
LD (IY+o),n 19 21 5 7 FD 36 o n 4
LD (IY+o),r 19 21 5 7 FD 70+r o 3
LD (nn),A 13 14 4 6 32 nn nn 3
LD (nn),BC 20 22 6 8 ED 43 nn nn 4
LD (nn),DE 20 22 6 8 ED 53 nn nn 4
LD (nn),HL 16 17 5 7 22 nn nn 3
LD (nn),IX 20 22 6 8 DD 22 nn nn 4
LD (nn),IY 20 22 6 8 FD 22 nn nn 4
LD (nn),SP 20 22 6 8 ED 73 nn nn 4
LD A,(BC) 7 8 2 4 0A 1
LD A,(DE) 7 8 2 4 1A 1
LD A,(HL) 7 8 2 4 7E 1
LD A,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 7E o 3
LD A,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 7E o 3
LD A,(nn) 13 14 4 6 3A nn nn 3
LD A,n 7 8 2 2 3E n 2
LD A,r 4 5 1 1 78+r 1
LD A,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 78+p 2
LD A,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 78+q 2
LD A,I 9 11 2 2 ED 57 2
LD A,R 9 11 2 2 ED 5F 2
LD B,(HL) 7 8 2 4 46 1
LD B,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 46 o 3
LD B,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 46 o 3
LD B,n 7 8 2 2 06 n 2
LD B,r 4 5 1 1 40+r 1
LD B,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 40+p 2
LD B,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 40+q 2
LD BC,(nn) 20 22 6 8 ED 4B nn nn 4
LD BC,nn 10 11 3 3 01 nn nn 3
LD C,(HL) 7 8 2 4 4E 1
LD C,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 4E o 3
LD C,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 4E o 3
LD C,n 7 8 2 2 0E n 2
LD C,r 4 5 1 1 48+r 1
LD C,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 48+p 2
LD C,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 48+q 2
LD D,(HL) 7 8 2 4 56 1
LD D,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 56 o 3
LD D,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 56 o 3
LD D,n 7 8 2 2 16 n 2
LD D,r 4 5 1 1 50+r 1
LD D,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 50+p 2
LD D,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 50+q 2
LD DE,(nn) 20 22 6 8 ED 5B nn nn 4
LD DE,nn 10 11 3 3 11 nn nn 3
LD E,(HL) 7 8 2 4 5E 1
LD E,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 5E o 3
LD E,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 5E o 3
LD E,n 7 8 2 2 1E n 2
LD E,r 4 5 1 1 58+r 1
LD E,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 58+p 2
LD E,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 58+q 2
LD H,(HL) 7 8 2 4 66 1
LD H,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 66 o 3
LD H,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 66 o 3
LD H,n 7 8 2 2 26 n 2
LD H,r 4 5 1 1 60+r 1
LD HL,(nn) 16 17 5 7 2A nn nn 3
LD HL,nn 10 11 3 3 21 nn nn 3
LD I,A 9 11 2 2 ED 47 2
LD IX,(nn) 20 22 6 8 DD 2A nn nn 4
LD IX,nn 14 16 4 4 DD 21 nn nn 4
LD IXh,n 11 13 3 3 DD 26 n 3
LD IXh,p 8 10 2 2 DD 60+p 2
LD IXl,n 11 13 3 3 DD 2E n 3
LD IXl,p 8 10 2 2 DD 68+p 2
LD IY,(nn) 20 22 6 8 FD 2A nn nn 4
LD IY,nn 14 16 4 4 FD 21 nn nn 4
LD IYh,n 11 13 3 3 FD 26 n 3
LD IYh,q 8 10 2 2 FD 60+q 2
LD IYl,n 11 13 3 3 FD 2E n 3
LD IYl,q 8 10 2 2 FD 68+q 2
LD L,(HL) 7 8 2 4 6E 1
LD L,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 6E o 3
LD L,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 6E o 3
LD L,n 7 8 2 2 2E n 2
LD L,r 4 5 1 1 68+r 1
LD R,A 9 11 2 2 ED 4F 2
LD SP,(nn) 20 22 6 8 ED 7B nn nn 4
LD SP,HL 6 7 1 1 F9 1
LD SP,IX 10 12 2 2 DD F9 2
LD SP,IY 10 12 2 2 FD F9 2
LD SP,nn 10 11 3 3 31 nn nn 3
LDD 16 18 4 7 ED A8 2
LDDR 21/16 23/18 4 ?/7 ED B8 2
LDI 16 18 4 7 ED A0 2
LDIR 21/16 23/18 4 ?/7 ED B0 2
MULUB A,r 14 14 ED C1+8*r 2
MULUW HL,BC 36 36 ED C3 2
MULUW HL,SP 36 36 ED F3 2
NEG 8 10 2 2 ED 44 2
NOP 4 5 1 1 00 1
OR (HL) 7 8 2 4 B6 1
OR (IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD B6 o 3
OR (IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD B6 o 3
OR n 7 8 2 2 F6 n 2
OR r 4 5 1 1 B0+r 1
OR IXp 8 10 2 2 DD B0+p 2
OR IYq 8 10 2 2 FD B0+q 2
OTDR 21/16 23/18 4/3 ?/12/11³ ED BB 2
OTIR 21/16 23/18 4/3 ?/12/11³ ED B3 2
OUT (C),A 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 79 2
OUT (C),B 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 41 2
OUT (C),C 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 49 2
OUT (C),D 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 51 2
OUT (C),E 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 59 2
OUT (C),H 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 61 2
OUT (C),L 12 14 3 10/9³ ED 69 2
OUT (n),A 11 12 3 10/9³ D3 n 2
OUTD 16 18 4 12/11³ ED AB 2
OUTI 16 18 4 12/11³ ED A3 2
POP AF 10 11 3 5 F1 1
POP BC 10 11 3 5 C1 1
POP DE 10 11 3 5 D1 1
POP HL 10 11 3 5 E1 1
POP IX 14 16 4 6 DD E1 2
POP IY 14 16 4 6 FD E1 2
PUSH AF 11 12 4 6 F5 1
PUSH BC 11 12 4 6 C5 1
PUSH DE 11 12 4 6 D5 1
PUSH HL 11 12 4 6 E5 1
PUSH IX 15 17 5 7 DD E5 2
PUSH IY 15 17 5 7 FD E5 2
RES b,(HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 86+8*b 2
RES b,(IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 86+8*b 4
RES b,(IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 86+8*b 4
RES b,r 8 10 2 2 CB 80+8*b+r 2
RET 10 11 3 5 C9 1
RET C 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 D8 1
RET M 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 F8 1
RET NC 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 D0 1
RET NZ 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 C0 1
RET P 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 F0 1
RET PE 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 E8 1
RET PO 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 E0 1
RET Z 11/5 12/6 3/1 5/1 C8 1
RETI 14 16 5 7 ED 4D 2
RETN 14 16 5 7 ED 45 2
RL (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 16 2
RL (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 16 4
RL (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 16 4
RL r 8 10 2 2 CB 10+r 2
RLA 4 5 1 1 17 1
RLC (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 06 2
RLC (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 06 4
RLC (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 06 4
RLC r 8 10 2 2 CB 00+r 2
RLCA 4 5 1 1 07 1
RLD 18 20 5 8 ED 6F 2
RR (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 1E 2
RR (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 1E 4
RR (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 1E 4
RR r 8 10 2 2 CB 18+r 2
RRA 4 5 1 1 1F 1
RRC (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 0E 2
RRC (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 0E 4
RRC (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 0E 4
RRC r 8 10 2 2 CB 08+r 2
RRCA 4 5 1 1 0F 1
RRD 18 20 5 8 ED 67 2
RST 0 11 12 4 6/7² C7 1
RST 8H 11 12 4 6/7² CF 1
RST 10H 11 12 4 6/7² D7 1
RST 18H 11 12 4 6/7² DF 1
RST 20H 11 12 4 6/7² E7 1
RST 28H 11 12 4 6/7² EF 1
RST 30H 11 12 4 6/7² F7 1
RST 38H 11 12 4 6/7² FF 1
SBC A,(HL) 7 8 2 4 9E 1
SBC A,(IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 9E o 3
SBC A,(IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 9E o 3
SBC A,n 7 8 2 2 DE n 2
SBC A,r 4 5 1 1 98+r 1
SBC A,IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 98+p 2
SBC A,IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 98+q 2
SBC HL,BC 15 17 2 2 ED 42 2
SBC HL,DE 15 17 2 2 ED 52 2
SBC HL,HL 15 17 2 2 ED 62 2
SBC HL,SP 15 17 2 2 ED 72 2
SCF 4 5 1 1 37 1
SET b,(HL) 15 17 5 8 CB C6+8*b 2
SET b,(IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o C6+8*b 4
SET b,(IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o C6+8*b 4
SET b,r 8 10 2 2 CB C0+8*b+r 2
SLA (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 26 2
SLA (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 26 4
SLA (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 26 4
SLA r 8 10 2 2 CB 20+r 2
SRA (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 2E 2
SRA (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 2E 4
SRA (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 2E 4
SRA r 8 10 2 2 CB 28+r 2
SRL (HL) 15 17 5 8 CB 3E 2
SRL (IX+o) 23 25 7 10 DD CB o 3E 4
SRL (IY+o) 23 25 7 10 FD CB o 3E 4
SRL r 8 10 2 2 CB 38+r 2
SUB (HL) 7 8 2 4 96 1
SUB (IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD 96 o 3
SUB (IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD 96 o 3
SUB n 7 8 2 2 D6 n 2
SUB r 4 5 1 1 90+r 1
SUB IXp 8 10 2 2 DD 90+p 2
SUB IYq 8 10 2 2 FD 90+q 2
XOR (HL) 7 8 2 4 AE 1
XOR (IX+o) 19 21 5 7 DD AE o 3
XOR (IY+o) 19 21 5 7 FD AE o 3
XOR n 7 8 2 2 EE n 2
XOR r 4 5 1 1 A8+r 1
XOR IXp 8 10 2 2 DD A8+p 2
XOR IYq 8 10 2 2 FD A8+q 2

¹ R800 timing including waits is based on access to the internal RAM. Note that an additional wait is inserted if the instruction fetch or a 16-bit memory access crosses a 256-byte memory boundary. For more information, see the R800 waits section.

² Testing showed that a call followed by a series of nops takes 8 cycles, whereas if it’s followed by a ret or pop af, combined they take 12 cycles (7 for call + 5 for ret / pop af). This also applies to rst. I have no theory about the underlying logic yet.

³ As described below, I/O instructions get aligned to the bus clock, so an extra wait is inserted depending on the alignment. This means that between two outs, you can have a 1-cycle instruction for free.

Legend

b
3-bit value.
n
8-bit value.
nn
16-bit value, little-endian. E.g. the JP 1234H opcode is C3 34 12.
o
8-bit offset, 2’s complement.
r
Register. This can be A, B, C, D, E, H or L. Add the following value to the last byte of the opcode:
Register Register bits value
A 7
B 0
C 1
D 2
E 3
H 4
L 5
IXp
Denotes the high or low part of the IX register: IXh or IXl. Add the following value to the last byte of the opcode:
Register Register bits value
IXh 4
IXl 5
IYq
Denotes the high or low part of the IY register: IYh or IYl. Add the following value to the last byte of the opcode:
Register Register bits value
IYh 4
IYl 5
p
Register where H and L have been replaced by IXh and IXl. Add the following value to the last byte of the opcode:
Register Register bits value
A 7
B 0
C 1
D 2
E 3
IXh 4
IXl 5
q
Register where H and L have been replaced by IYh and IYl. Add the following value to the last byte of the opcode:
Register Register bits value
A 7
B 0
C 1
D 2
E 3
IYh 4
IYl 5

Wait cycles

The MSX standard requires so-called M1 wait cycles, meaning that the system adds one additional wait state to every M1 cycle (the first or first two cycles of an instruction). This is an important trait to know about if you want to do speed calculations. The M1 waits are inserted like this:

Examples:

The instruction timing including M1 wait is listed in the Z80+M1 column.

For the R800, it is an even more complex story:

Note that the R800 timing is complex and not officially documented, so there may be deviations or errors in the above description. The above findings and values in the R800+wait column of the table are based on research by the openMSX team and verified by Grauw using a different, cycle-accurate measuring method. For more details see the documents in the openMSX repository.

Grauw